Cyprus is the third-largest island in the Mediterranean — and for five decades, it has been divided into two parts. The southern part, internationally recognized as the Republic of Cyprus, belongs to the European Union. Meanwhile, the northern part of the island has been controlled by Turkey since 1974 and is home to the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), recognized only by Ankara. This division has shaped two entirely different worlds within one island — politically, economically, and culturally.
Economy and Currency
The southern part of Cyprus is wealthier, more developed, and integrated into the EU economy. The euro is used here, and the economy is based on tourism, financial services, and real estate. Many international companies operate in the south, employing thousands of expatriates.
In contrast, Northern Cyprus depends economically on Turkey — it uses the Turkish lira, and financial assistance from Ankara forms a substantial part of its budget. Due to its lack of international recognition, the TRNC cannot access many economic privileges, which results in a lower standard of living compared to the south.
Tourism
Tourism is one of the areas where the contrast between the two sides is most visible. Southern Cyprus attracts millions of visitors annually from the United Kingdom, Israel, Germany, and Poland. Popular destinations include Paphos, Larnaca, and Ayia Napa. The infrastructure meets European standards, and tourist flows are well monitored and managed.
In Northern Cyprus, tourist numbers are smaller, but the region attracts visitors with lower prices, unspoiled nature, and less urbanized beaches. Most visitors come from Turkey or the United Kingdom. However, due to the unrecognized political status, travel to Northern Cyprus faces restrictions — for example, most international flights operate only via Turkey.
Culture and Identity
In the south, Greek traditions dominate, along with the Orthodox Church, and the official language is Greek. The cultural identity here is strongly connected with Greece and European values.
In the north, the culture is primarily Turkish and Islamic, with Turkish being the dominant language. Although everyday life reflects Turkish influences, northern Cypriots emphasize their distinct identity — separate from both Turkey and the Greek Cypriot community.
Politics and International Relations
The southern part has full international recognition, is a member of the European Union, and participates in various global organizations. In contrast, Northern Cyprus remains politically isolated — international sporting events, direct trade, and official diplomatic visits are very limited.
However, since 2003, when the first border crossings between the north and south were opened, people have been able to move more freely across the island. This has helped to reduce tensions and promote mutual understanding between communities.
What Lies Ahead?
Talks about reunifying the island have been ongoing for decades, but no major breakthrough has been achieved. On one hand, southern Cypriots wish to preserve their European lifestyle and independence from Turkish influence. On the other hand, many in the north fear that reunification would diminish their political representation and cultural identity.
Despite the political division, both sides of the island share one common trait — tourism and hospitality. Travelers visiting both regions note strikingly different experiences: a western, European atmosphere in the south, and a more exotic, authentic ambiance in the north.
This dual-world dynamic makes Cyprus a truly unique place in the Mediterranean — an island where two cultures, two economies, and two visions of the future coexist.
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